He has written widely in the fields of Jewish intellectual and cultural history. His books include Re-inventing the Jewish Past (Oxford, 1995), Resisting History: The Crisis of Historicism in German-Jewish Thought (Princeton, 2003), and Between Jew and Arab: The Lost Voice of Simon Rawidowicz (Brandeis, 2008). Myers has also edited or co-edited six books, including the recent Acculturation and its Discontents: The Italian Jewish Experience between Exclusion and Integration (Toronto, 2008). At present, he is engaged in three principal research projects: a book tentatively titled Is there a Jewish Nation?: Reflections on the State of Jewish Collectivity (Indiana University Press); a book together with Nomi Stolzenberg on the Satmar Hasidic community of Kiryas Joel, New York; and a book on Jewish history for the Very Short Introduction series of Oxford University Press.

Myers has taught at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (Paris) and Russian State University for the Humanities (Moscow). He has received fellowships from the Leo Baeck Institute, Fulbright Foundation, Lady David Trust, and the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture. During the 2009-10 year, he was the Ellie and Herbert Katz Distinguished Fellow in Judaic Studies at the Katz Center for Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Myers was previously a fellow at the Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies (Philadelphia) in 1995, and he has also visited at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Jerusalem in 1997. Myers has served as a member of the board of the Association for Jewish Studies, as well as a teacher for the Wexner Heritage Foundation. He writes frequently on matters of contemporary Jewish concern and serves on the board of a number of Los Angeles-based organizations. Since 2002, Myers has served as co-editor of the Jewish Quarterly Review. He is an elected Fellow of the American Academy for Jewish Research.